GENDER BIAS AND THE COLLEGE PREDICTIONS OF THE SATS: A Cry of Despair   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Leonard  David K.  Jiang  Jiming 《Research in higher education》1999,40(4):375-407

This study reviews and extends the considerableliterature demonstrating that the various College Boardexaminations (most importantly the Scholastic AptitudeTests) make a small underprediction of women's college grades relative to those of men in allfields except engineering. This finding persists evenwhen corrections are made for differences in the fieldsthat women and men study and for sample selection bias. Because of this underprediction, womenmost probably are underrepresented relative to theirmerit in freshman classes and scholarship competitionsat selective public universities. The differences in predicted grades are small, but account foran underrepresentation of women by at least 5% of thefreshman classes of the University of California atBerkeley (200 to 300 a year) in the late 1980s. Various solutions to this underprediction by the SATsand the dilemmas they pose for public universities suchas Berkeley are explored.  相似文献   

Places and Spaces: The Historical Interaction of Technology, Home, and Privacy     

Stuart Shapiro 《The Information Society》1998,14(4):275-284

While recent developments in information and communication technologies have produced heightened concern over privacy issues, technology and privacy have a long history of interaction. The home has served as a key locus for this interaction. By distinguishing inside from outside, the home supports the allocation of particular behaviors and information to different areas, both physical and virtual. This article explores how different technologies, including structural elements, have affected and reflected over time the boundary represented by the home and how that boundary has helped shape the construction of privacy in the West. This illustrates how privacy might be conceptualized as a social condition arising from the interaction of various boundaries, including the principal one separating the public and the private.  相似文献   

The Effects of Enrolling in Oversubscribed Prekindergarten Programs Through Third Grade     

Christina Weiland  Rebecca Unterman  Anna Shapiro  Sara Staszak  Shana Rochester  Eleanor Martin 《Child development》2020,91(5):1401-1422

This study leverages naturally occurring lotteries for oversubscribed Boston Public Schools prekindergarten program sites between 2007 and 2011, for 3,182 children (M = 4.5 years old) to estimate the impacts of winning a first choice lottery and enrolling in Boston prekindergarten versus losing a first choice lottery and not enrolling on children’s enrollment and persistence in district schools, grade retention, special education placement, and third-grade test scores. There are large effects on enrollment and persistence, but no effects on other examined outcomes for this subsample. Importantly, children who competed for oversubscribed seats were not representative of all appliers and almost all control-group children attended center-based preschool. Findings contribute to the larger evidence base and raise important considerations for future prekindergarten lottery-based studies.  相似文献   

Childhood homelessness,resilience, and adolescent mental health: A prospective,person-centered approach     

Janette E. Herbers  J. J. Cutuli  Joanna N. Keane  Jake A. Leonard 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(12):1830-1844

School districts and other service providers are increasingly aware of the substantial mental health needs of students experiencing family homelessness. Past findings are mixed regarding whether homelessness conveys unique risk beyond the risks associated with extreme poverty. With prospective longitudinal data on homelessness experiences across childhood, we utilized latent profile analysis as a person-centered approach to conceptualizing mental health outcomes in adolescence for 3,778 youth. We considered literal family homelessness as well as families living doubled-up, and we employed propensity score matching to identify a comparison group of nonhomeless students balanced across a range of covariates to address systematic bias. Results indicated that students who experienced literal homelessness during childhood were significantly less likely to demonstrate profiles of resilience in mental health functioning. We considered our approach and findings in light of challenges and opportunities particularly relevant to the school context.  相似文献   

Component skills that underpin listening comprehension and reading comprehension in learners with English as first and additional language     

Selma Babayiğit  Laura Shapiro 《Journal of Research in Reading》2020,43(1):78-97

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Taking Shared Print to the Next Level: The Partnership for Shared Book Collections     

Susan Stearns  Matthew Revitt  Kirsten Leonard 《图书馆管理杂志》2020,60(7):812-820

Abstract

This article introduces the Partnership for Shared Book Collections, a federation of monograph shared print programs. Collaboration of programs at the network level allows for:

• Reducing the cost of retaining the scholarly record through shared distribution of commitments;

• De-duplicating efforts;

• Developing and promoting evidence-based best practices;

• Increasing the effectiveness of communication with end-users and funders;

• Tackling large-scale projects and research that are out of reach for individual shared print programs. This shared stewardship of collection is critical as local resources are depleted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and access to print for digitization increases.

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The functions and resources of the American University of the twenty-first century     

Harold T. Shapiro 《Minerva》1992,30(2):163-174

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Outstanding Science Teacher Educator of the Year     

Bonnie L. Shapiro 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1997,8(3):183-183

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Academic Librarians,Information Overload,and the Tao of Discovery     

Steven Shapiro 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2018,44(5):671-673

This article explores the meaning of web-scale discovery and argues for the need to formulate a philosophy of discovery (consistent with library values) before using and deploying a discovery tool to make it easier to achieve goals and objectives. It also focuses on how user behavior and the success of Google Scholar can help guide us in improving these tools. At the same time, the essay describes the limitations of discovery tools and their perceived role in contributing to information overload.  相似文献   

Development of filial attachment to static visual features of an imprinting object     

Leonard A. Eiserer 《Learning & behavior》1980,8(1):159-166

Three experiments investigated the fact that the static visual features of an imprinting object (its color, size, and shape characteristics, as represented by the object remaining stationary during its presentation) can gradually acquire control over filial behavior by virtue of their repeated spatial-temporal pairing with visual motion—an effect that has been interpreted as a process of classical conditioning. Experiment 1 found that the static features can acquire control if they are made conspicuous in some other, nonmovement way (i.e., by manipulating the relative illumination of the imprinting object). Further experiments then failed to find any qualitative difference between the behavioral control developed by conspicuous but static aspects of a duckling’s environment and the control developed by the static features of a moving object, either in terms of persistence of the acquired control (Experiment 2) or in terms of possible restrictions imposed by the sensitive period for imprinting (Experiment 3). Taken together, these results support the plausibility of a perceptual learning hypothesis, although the classical conditioning view was not itself contradicted. The present findings are also relevant to the broader issue of whether any valid distinctions exist between the behavioral control exerted by static aspects of a precocial bird’s environment and the control exerted by animate, presumably social stimuli.  相似文献